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Question 1

SLPaper 3

1.

State two classes of non-nutritional ergogenic aids currently banned by theInternational Olympic Committee (IOC).

[2]

2.

Evaluate the use of beta blockers by an archer to positively influence their performance.

[4]

Question 2

SLPaper 3

1.

Define overreaching.

[1]

2.

Define overtraining.

[1]

3.

Discuss indicators of overtraining in an athlete.

[3]

Question 3

SLPaper 3

1.

The Marathon des Sables is a 6-day, 250 km run across the Sahara Desert in temperatures reaching 50 °C. Describe how an athlete acclimatizes when preparing for the race.

[2]

2.

Explain the physiological adaptations that occur during heat acclimatization.

[3]

Question 4

SLPaper 3

1.

Define the term ergogenic aid.

[1]

2.

Discuss the benefits for an athlete using anabolic steroids.

[3]

3.

Suggest how a soccer player could use periodization to optimise their performance in the preparation phase for the 2018 soccer world cup in Russia.

[4]

Question 5

SLPaper 3

1.

Define ergogenic aid.

[1]

2.

Evaluate the use of beta blockers by athletes.

[4]

Question 6

SLPaper 3

1.

Define ergogenic aid.

[1]

2.

Outline two possible harmful effects of long term use of anabolic steroids.

[2]

3.

Discuss the benefits for athletes of using beta blockers.

[3]

Question 7

SLPaper 3

1.

Outline overreaching and overtraining.

[2]

2.

Suggest ways an athlete can avoid overtraining.

[2]

Question 8

SLPaper 3

1.

State the standard range for a healthy core body temperature.

[1]

2.

Identify an example of heat conduction in a sport.

[1]

Question 9

SLPaper 3

1.

Distinguish between overtraining and overreaching.

[1]

2.

Describe fartlek training.

[2]

3.

Analyse a mesocycle unit of training.

[2]

Question 10

SLPaper 3

A study tested the effects of a caffeine drink on physical performance in soccer. Eighteen female players took part in two soccer games. They consumed a caffeine drink 60 minutes before Game 1 and a placebo 60 minutes before Game 2.

Each player wore a GPS device to record their distance travelled and speed. Mean running distance (m) for each game is shown.

[Source: Reprinted by permission from Springer-Verlag Wien: Springer Nature, Lara, B., Gonzalez-Millán, C., Salinero, J.J. et al.
Caffeine-containing energy drink improves physical performance in female soccer players. Amino Acids 46, 1385–1392 (2014).
© Copyright 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-014-1709-z.\]

1.

Identify the running speed, in km h–1, at which the difference in running distance between the two conditions is greatest.

[1]

2.

Calculate the difference in mean running distance, in metres, for the speed identified in 1(a)(i).

[2]

3.

Comment on the statistical significance of the effect of the caffeine drink in this study.

[2]

4.

Outline two reasons for a placebo condition in the study.

[2]

5.

Explain the benefits of caffeine use for a soccer player.

[3]

Option A - Optimizing physiological performance

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